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- FSA-2001, Request for Direct Loan Assistance
- Instructions

*All FSA direct loan applications require the same basic forms.
Simultaneous requests for a direct farm ownership loan and a direct operating loan should be combined on a single loan application form.
- When you meet with your FSA county Farm Loan Program staff, you may be asked to complete additional forms based on applicable loan program requirements for the loan type.

FSA's Direct Farm Operating Loans are a valuable resource to start, maintain and strengthen a farm or ranch. For new agricultural producers, FSA's Direct Farm Operating Loans provide an essential gateway into agricultural production by financing the cost of&#x2004;operating a farm. With a maximum loan amount of $400,000, all FSA Direct Operating Loans are financed and serviced by the Agency through [local Farm Loan Officers and Farm Loan Managers](https://www.fsa.usda.gov/state-offices/index). The [funding](https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/farm-loan-programs/funding/index) comes from Congressional appropriations as part of the USDA budget.


**Loan Purposes:**


Operating loans must be essential to the success of the farming operation and only for the following purposes:

- Costs associated with reorganizing a farm to improve profitability, for example:

    - purchase of equipment to convert from conventional to no-till production

    - change from stocker to cow-calf production

    - shifting from row crop to vegetable production

    - purchasing grain drying and storage equipment to facilitate better marketing

    - purchase shares in value-added processing and marketing cooperatives

- Purchase of livestock, including poultry

- Purchase farm equipment

- Farm operating expenses including, and not limited to:

    - feed

    - seed

    - fertilizer

    - pesticides

    - farm supplies

    - cash rent

    - family living expenses

    - initial processing of agricultural commodities, under certain circumstances

- Minor improvements or repairs to buildings

- Refinance certain farm-related debts, excluding real estate

- Land and water development, use, or conservation

- Loan closing and borrower training costs



FSA's Direct Farm Operating Loans are a valuable resource to start, maintain and strengthen a farm or ranch. For new agricultural producers, FSA's Direct Farm Operating Loans provide an essential gateway into agricultural production by financing the cost of operating a farm. With a maximum loan amount of $400,000, all FSA Direct Operating Loans are financed and serviced by the Agency through local Farm Loan Officers and Farm Loan Managers. The funding comes from Congressional appropriations as part of the USDA budget.

Loan Purposes:

Operating loans must be essential to the success of the farming operation and only for the following purposes:
- Costs associated with reorganizing a farm to improve profitability, for example:
    - purchase of equipment to convert from conventional to no-till production
    - change from stocker to cow-calf production
    - shifting from row crop to vegetable production
    - purchasing grain drying and storage equipment to facilitate better marketing
    - purchase shares in value-added processing and marketing cooperatives
- Purchase of livestock, including poultry
- Purchase farm equipment
- Farm operating expenses including, and not limited to:
    - feed
    - seed
    - fertilizer
    - pesticides
    - farm supplies
    - cash rent
    - family living expenses
    - initial processing of agricultural commodities, under certain circumstances
- Minor improvements or repairs to buildings
- Refinance certain farm-related debts, excluding real estate
- Land and water development, use, or conservation
- Loan closing and borrower training costs

There are 2 different types of qualifications which need to be met:
- Eligible farm enterprise
- General eligibility requirements

First, the operation must be an eligible farm enterprise. Operating loan funds cannot be used to finance nonfarm enterprises, such as exotic birds, tropical fish, dogs or horses used for non-farm purposes (racing, pleasure, show and boarding).

General eligibility requirements include:
- Not having Federal or State conviction(s) for planting, cultivating, growing, producing, harvesting, storing, trafficking, or possession of controlled substances
- The legal ability to accept responsibility for the loan obligation
- An acceptable credit history
- Be a United States citizen, non-citizen national or legal resident alien of the United States, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and certain former Pacific Trust Territories
- No previous debt forgiveness by the Agency, including a guarantee loan loss payment
- Being unable to obtain sufficient credit elsewhere, with or without an FSA loan guarantee
- No delinquency on a Federal debt, other than IRS tax debt, at the time of loan closing
- Not being ineligible due to disqualification resulting from a Federal Crop Insurance violation
- Have sufficient managerial ability to assure a reasonable expectation of loan repayment

Explanation of "Managerial Ability":

Managerial ability is shown to the Agency through any combination of education, on-the-job training, and farm experience or by meeting just 1 of these criteria. The level of management ability required will depend on the complexity of the operation and the amount of the loan request. Every application is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Education:
- 4-year college degree or graduate degree in agricultural related field(s)
- 2-year college degree from a technical college in agricultural related field
- Successful completion of farm management curriculum offered by the Cooperative Extension Service, a community college, adult vocational agricultural program or Land Grant university
- Successful completion of a community-based, nationally-based, non-profit or similar farm workshop programs
- Vocational or general agriculture classes in high school in addition to working on a farm and participating in, and successfully complete agricultural projects in, 4-H, FFA, Tribal youth organizations, Grange Youth, or another agricultural affiliated club

On-The-Job Training:
- Working or recently worked as hired farm labor with management responsibilities (make day-to-day decisions)
- Completing or recently completed a farm mentorship, internship or apprenticeship program with an emphasis on management requirements and day-to-day farm decisions
- Participating or recently participated in urban or community-supported agriculture programs which incorporate basic agricultural training

Farm Experience:
- Owner, manager or operator of a farm business for at least 1 full production and marketing cycle within 5 years of the date of the loan application
- Employed as a migrant farm worker and elevated to leadership or foreperson position for at least 1 entire production and marketing cycle with responsibilities related to crop and field management, livestock health, breeding supervision, labor management or hiring, or general farm management
- Raised on a farm and had significant responsibility for day-to-day management decisions for at least 1 entire production and marketing cycle
- Obtained and successfully repaid at least 1 FSA Youth Loan

A payment that must be returned to the provider following specified terms of repayment and interest rate.

Loan

- Fact Sheet: Farm Loans Overview (PDF, 807 KB)
- Direct Loan Making Handbook 3-FLP (PDF, 2.5 MB)
- Farm Answers Library
- National Agrability Project
- USDA Veterans in Agriculture
- Farmers.gov

HVAC

Lighting

Repairs

Certification

Distribution

Diversification

Events

Trade Show

Weeds

Buildings

Construction

Fencing

Greenhouse

High Tunnel

Irrigation

Storage

Business Plan

Cash Rent

Refinancing

Transition

Water Quality

Waterway Protection

Wetland Conservation

Air Quality

Landscape

Wildlife & Pollinator Habitat

Certified Organic

Trade Relief

Succession

Certified Grassfed

Cover Crops

Reduced Tillage

Marketing

Inputs

Nutrient Management

Legal & Finance

Infrastructure

Equipment

Water Management

Labor

Local Food

Soil Health

Food Systems

Conservation

Regenerative

Carbon Capture

Maximum Loan Limitations:

The maximum loan amount for a Direct Farm Operating Loan is $400,000. There is no down payment requirement. 

Repayment Terms:

Direct Farm Operating loan repayment terms vary depending upon the purpose of the loan, the loan applicant's ability to pay, and when income is projected to be available. General operating and family living expenses are normally due within 12 months or when the agricultural commodities sell. For larger purchases such as equipment, minor repairs, or livestock, the term will not exceed 7 years.

Interest Rate:

The interest rate charged is always the lower rate in effect at the time of loan approval or loan closing for the type of loan wanted. Interest rates are calculated and posted the 1st of each month.

Credit Score Basics:

FSA does not use credit scores. Loan applicants are expected to have acceptable repayment history with other creditors, including the Federal Government. Loan applicants are not automatically disqualified if there are isolated incidents of slow payments; no credit history; or if it can be shown that any recent undesirable credit problems were temporary and beyond a loan applicant’s control. "No history" of credit transaction by a loan applicant does not automatically indicate an unacceptable credit history.


Final Date to file Notice of Loss and Final Date to Submit an Application for Payment: March 1 after the program year in which the loss occurred.

Contact your local FSA Service center to apply.

The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the 2018 Farm Bill) authorized the use of Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funds for the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP). ELAP provides financial assistance to eligible producers of livestock, honeybees and farm-raised fish for losses due to disease, certain adverse weather events or loss conditions, including blizzards and wildfires, as determined by the&#x2004;Secretary. ELAP assistance is provided for losses not covered by other disaster assistance programs authorized by the 2014 Farm Bill, such as losses not covered by the Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) and the Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP). 

In 2021, USDA updated ELAP policy to help cover the cost of transporting feed for livestock that rely on grazing. USDA has expanded the program to help ranchers cover above normal costs of hauling livestock to forage or other grazing acres.



The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (the 2018 Farm Bill) authorized the use of Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) funds for the Emergency Assistance for Livestock, Honeybees and Farm-Raised Fish Program (ELAP). ELAP provides financial assistance to eligible producers of livestock, honeybees and farm-raised fish for losses due to disease, certain adverse weather events or loss conditions, including blizzards and wildfires, as determined by the Secretary. ELAP assistance is provided for losses not covered by other disaster assistance programs authorized by the 2014 Farm Bill, such as losses not covered by the Livestock Forage Disaster Program (LFP) and the Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP). 
In 2021, USDA updated ELAP policy to help cover the cost of transporting feed for livestock that rely on grazing. USDA has expanded the program to help ranchers cover above normal costs of hauling livestock to forage or other grazing acres.

ELAP provides assistance for livestock feed and grazing losses that are not due to drought or wildfires on federally managed lands; losses resulting from the cost of transporting water to livestock due to an eligible drought; losses resulting from the additional cost associated with gathering livestock for treatment and/or inspection related to cattle tick fever, honeybee feed, colony and hive losses; and farm-raised fish feed and death losses. 

An eligible livestock, honeybee or farmraised fish producer who certifies they are socially disadvantaged, limited resource, beginning, or a veteran farmer or rancher will receive 90 percent of the payment rate for the losses under ELAP.

The average adjusted gross income (AGI) limitation relating to limits on payments for persons or legal entities, excluding joint ventures and general partnerships, with certain levels of AGI apply. Specifically, a person or legal entity with an AGI (as defined in 7 CFR Part 1400) that exceeds $900,000 is not eligible to receive ELAP payments. Direct attribution provisions also apply to ELAP. Under direct attribution, any payment to a legal entity will also be considered for payment limitation purposes to be a payment to persons or legal entities with an interest in the legal entity or in a sub-entity.

A lump sum of money for a specific purpose that does not need to be paid back.

Grant

Livestock

Honey

Bees

Seafood

Cattle

Pigs

Poultry

Sheep

Specialty Livestock

Apiary

Eels

Fish

Shellfish

Beef Cattle

Dairy Cattle

Feeder Cattle

Slaughter Cattle

Calves

Heifers

Steers

Bulls

Barrows

Boars

Feeder Pigs

Hogs

Sows

Chickens

Cornish Hens

Ducks

Geese

Turkey

Ewes

Lambs

Rams

Alpacas

Beefalo

Bison

Buffalo

Caribou

Deer

Emus

Goats

Guinea Pigs

Llamas

Mink

Mohair

Ostrich

Pheasants

Quail

Rabbits

Reindeer

Water Buffalo

Atka Mackerel

Carp

Catfish

Flounder

Goosefish

Herring

Hybrid Striped Bass

Largemouth Bass

Ornamental Fish

Pacific Cod

Pacific Ocean Perch

Pollock

Recreational Sportfish

Red Drum

Sablefish

Salmon

Sole

Sturgeon

Tilapia

Trout

Tuna

Turbot

Crustaceans

Molluscs

Beef Bottom Round

Beef Brisket

Beef Chuck Roast

Beef Eye Round

Beef Flank Steak

Beef Flat Iron Steak

Beef Heart

Beef Liver

Beef London Broil

Beef NY Strip Steak

Beef Oxtail

Beef Rib Steak

Beef Rump Roast

Beef Short Ribs

Beef Sirloin

Beef Sirloin Tip Roast

Beef Skirt Steak

Beef Soup Bones

Beef Stew Meat

Beef Tongue

Beef Top Round

Beef Whole Filet

Ground Beef

Broilers

Chicks

Fryers

Layers

Pullets

Roasters

Ducklings

Goslings

Poults

Toms

Ground Lamb

Lamb Chops

Lamb Heart

Lamb Leg

Lamb Liver

Lamb Shank

Lamb Shoulder

Lamb Stew Meat

Bison Calf

Bison Meat

Bucks

Nannies

Slaughter Goats

Crab

Dungeness Crab

King Crab

Snow Crab

Southern Tanner Crab

Crayfish

Lobster

Geoduck

Squid

Specialty Crops

Pollinators

Aquaculture

Insects

- ELAP Fact Sheet
- ELAP Education
- ELAP Decision Tool
- Supplemental Agricultural Assistance Programs Rule (January 17, 2025)
- ELAP Drought Eligibility Dashboard

Coronavirus

Trees

Wildfire

Drought

Producers can apply to receive ELAP assistance at local FSA service centers. The ELAP application period ends Dec. 31 of each calendar year. 
In addition to submitting an application for payment, producers who suffered losses must submit a notice of loss to the local FSA service center that maintains the farm records for their business.

For honeybee losses, producers must file notice of loss with the FSA within 15 days after loss is apparent. For Livestock and farm-raised fish losses, producers must file notice of loss with the FSA within 30 days after loss is apparent.

Producers may submit an application for payment from ELAP anytime during the program year and up until January 30th of the following year.

List of Agricultural Funding for Feed